Anniversary of the founding of the U.S.M.C.

 

The U.S. Marine Corps celebrates its birthday every November 10 in honor of the founding of the Continental Marines.

THE FOUNDING OF THE U.S. MARINE CORPS

In 1775, America’s first amphibious infantry force was created to harass British naval forces during the War for Independence. 

April 19, 1775: The American Revolution Begins

After years of increasing tension between the 13 American Colonies and Great Britain, the American Revolution began on April 19, 1775, when British forces attempted to seize an American weapons cache in Concord.

Colonial militiamen confronted the British troops at Lexington and later near the weapons cache itself before dispersing into the countryside to regroup. Not long after, the Siege of Boston began and the war had officially begun under the direction of the Continental Congress and General George Washington.

November 10, 1775: The Continental Marine Act is signed

Colonial leaders knew that defeating the British Navy was an unrealistic goal, but creating a small force that could harass the enemy fleet at key locations in the Atlantic could further the war effort at home.

Roughly a month after the founding of the Continental Navy (which would later become the U.S. Navy), Congress agreed that an amphibious infantry force would help the Navy accomplish this mission. As such, Congress signed the Continental Marine Act of 1775 on Nov. 10, creating two battalions of marines, which trace their roots to the Tun Tavern in Philadelphia. Captain Samuel Nicholas, a former Quaker expelled from his community for supporting the Revolution, set up a recruiting headquarters in collaboration with the tavern’s owner, marking the establishment of the Continental Marines.

From the American Revolution to Modern Warfare

In 1798, and in response to growing tensions with the French Navy and other European powers, President John Adams signed a new law formally establishing the United States Marine Corps to again act as an auxiliary force under the direction of the Navy. 

The Marine Corps has since played a pivotal role in shaping American history. Emerging from the Revolutionary War, the Corps faced challenges in the quasi-war with France, battles against Barbary pirates, and active participation in the War of 1812. It saw expansion after the Spanish-American War, distinguished itself in World War I, and evolved into a force essential for amphibious warfare during World War II.

Iconic Moments and Famous Faces

The iconic photograph of Marines planting the American flag on Iwo Jima during World War II remains etched in history. In 2016, it was revealed that one of the identified men, Private First Class Harold Schultz, was not in the image, highlighting the importance of the photograph as a representation of the Marine Corps’ spirit rather than individual identities.

1883: “Semper Fi”

In 1883, the Marine Corps adopted the Latin phrase “Semper Fidelis” as its official motto. However, prior to that, Marines embraced three unofficial mottos: “By Sea and by Land,” “Fortitudine,” and “To the shores of Tripoli.”

“Semper Fidelis” symbolizes an eternal commitment to success, national progress, and unwavering loyalty among Marines.

1950-1991: Korean, Vietnam, and the Cold War

The Marine Corps demonstrated adaptability during the Korean War, proving the viability of amphibious assault. In Vietnam, more than 85,000 Marines served, facing significant losses.

The Corps also played crucial roles in responding to global challenges during the Cold War, from interventions in Lebanon and the Dominican Republic to maintaining a presence in NATO’s northern flank.

1989-2003: Post-Cold War Era to the War on Terror

The late 20th century and early 21st century witnessed the Marine Corps’ role in responding to global crises. Operations such as Just Cause in Panama (1989), the Gulf War (1990-1991), and humanitarian efforts in Somalia (1992) demonstrated the Marines’ versatility. The post-9/11 era saw extensive Marine involvement in Afghanistan, Iraq, and various humanitarian missions worldwide.

2003-2023: Adaptability and Resilience

The Marine Corps continued to demonstrate its adaptability and resilience in the 21st century. From the invasion of Iraq in 2003 to disaster relief operations in response to Hurricane Katrina (2005), the Marines showcased their ability to swiftly respond to diverse challenges. The Corps remains a symbol of honor, discipline, and dedication, embodying the motto “Semper Fidelis” — always faithful. 

LEGACY OF THE U.S. MARINE CORPS

Today, the Marine Corps stands as a testament to its rich heritage. From the Tun Tavern to the modern era, the United States Marine Corps has exemplified valor, commitment, and adaptability. As it looks toward the future, the Corps remains a symbol of unwavering dedication to the nation, echoing the words of its official motto, “Semper Fidelis” — always faithful.

While the Continental Marines only held a minor role in the American Revolution and were disbanded shortly after the war, the groundwork they laid down during this time paved the way for the re-establishment of the Marine Corps as it is known today. 

To learn about more U.S. Military and veterans holidays, click here.